EU Green Deal FCMs

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EU Green Deal ikufuna kuthetsa nkhani zazikulu zomwe zadziwika pakuwunika kwaposachedwa kwa zinthu zolumikizirana ndi chakudya (FCMs), ndipo kukambirana ndi anthu pa izi kutha pa 11 Januware 2023, ndi chigamulo cha komiti chomwe chikuyenera kuchitika mu gawo lachiwiri la 2023. nkhani zazikulu zokhudzana ndi kusowa kwa malamulo a EU FCM ndi malamulo apano a EU.

Zomwe zili m'munsimu ndi izi: 01 Kusakwanira kwa msika wamkati ndi zovuta zomwe zingatheke za chitetezo kwa ma FCM omwe si apulasitiki Makampani ambiri kupatulapo mapulasitiki alibe malamulo enieni a EU, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwa chitetezo chodziwika bwino choncho palibe maziko ovomerezeka ovomerezeka. makampani kuti agwire ntchito mogwirizana.Ngakhale malamulo enieni alipo pazinthu zina zapadziko lonse lapansi, izi nthawi zambiri zimasiyana m'maiko onse omwe ali mamembala kapena ndi zachikale, zomwe zimapangitsa chitetezo chokwanira chaumoyo kwa nzika za EU komanso mabizinesi olemetsa mopanda chifukwa, monga njira zingapo zoyesera.M'mayiko ena omwe ali mamembala, mulibe malamulo a dziko chifukwa mulibe zinthu zokwanira zogwirira ntchito paokha.Malinga ndi omwe akukhudzidwa nawo, izi zimabweretsanso zovuta pakugwira ntchito kwa msika wa EU.Mwachitsanzo, ma FCM a 100 biliyoni a euro pachaka, omwe pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse amakhudza kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda pulasitiki, kuphatikizapo mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati.02 Njira Yoyendetsera Mndandanda Wovomerezeka Kusayang'ana kwambiri pa chinthu chomaliza Kuperekedwa kwa Mndandanda Wovomerezeka Wabwino wa zida zoyambira za pulasitiki za FCM ndi zofunikira zake zimatsogolera ku malamulo ovuta kwambiri aukadaulo, zovuta zenizeni pakukhazikitsa ndi kasamalidwe, komanso kulemedwa kwambiri ndi akuluakulu aboma ndi mafakitale. .Kupanga mndandandawu kudapangitsa chopinga chachikulu kuti chigwirizane ndi malamulo azinthu zina monga inki, mphira ndi zomatira.Pansi pa zomwe zikuchitika pano pakuwunika zoopsa komanso mphamvu zotsatiridwa ndi EU, zingatenge pafupifupi zaka 500 kuti awunikire zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu FCM zosalumikizana.Kuchulukitsa kwa chidziwitso cha sayansi ndi kumvetsetsa kwa ma FCM kukuwonetsanso kuti kuwunika koyambira pazoyambira sikumakhudza mokwanira chitetezo cha zinthu zomaliza, kuphatikiza zonyansa ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa mwangozi panthawi yopanga.Palinso kusowa kwa kulingalira za kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwenikweni ndi moyo wautali wa mankhwala omaliza ndi zotsatira za ukalamba wakuthupi.03 Kupanda kuika patsogolo komanso kuwunika kwaposachedwa kwa zinthu zowopsa kwambiri Zomwe zili pano za FCM zilibe njira yoti muganizire mwachangu za zatsopano zasayansi, mwachitsanzo, deta yofunikira yomwe ingakhalepo pansi pa malamulo a EU REACH.Palinso kusowa kosasinthasintha pa ntchito yowunika zoopsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zofanana kapena zofanana zomwe zimayesedwa ndi mabungwe ena, monga European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), motero kufunikira kokonzanso njira ya "chinthu chimodzi, kuyesa kumodzi".Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi EFSA, kuwunika kwachiwopsezo kumafunikanso kuyengedwa kuti kutetezedwe kwa magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, zomwe zimathandizira zomwe zaperekedwa mu Njira Yamankhwala.04 Kusinthana kosakwanira kwa chidziwitso cha chitetezo ndi kutsata mumayendedwe operekera, kuthekera koonetsetsa kuti kutsatiridwa kumasokonekera.Kuphatikiza pa kuyesa ndi kusanthula kwakuthupi, zolemba zamalamulo ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha zinthu, ndipo zimafotokozeranso zoyesayesa zamakampani kuti ma FCM atetezeke.Chitetezo ntchito.Kusinthana kwa zidziwitso mumsikawu sikokwanira komanso kowonekera mokwanira kuti mabizinesi onse azitha kutsimikizira kuti chomaliza ndi chotetezeka kwa ogula, ndikupangitsa kuti mayiko omwe ali mamembala awone izi ndi dongosolo lomwe lilipo pamapepala.Chifukwa chake, machitidwe amakono, osavuta komanso opangidwa ndi digito omwe amagwirizana ndi ukadaulo wosinthika komanso miyezo ya IT athandizira kukulitsa kuyankha, kuyenda kwa chidziwitso komanso kutsata.05 Kutsata malamulo a FCM nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovutirapo Mayiko Amembala a EU alibe zinthu zokwanira kapena ukatswiri wokwanira kuti akhazikitse malamulo apano potsatira malamulo a FCM.Kuwunika kwa zikalata zotsatiridwa kumafuna chidziwitso chapadera, ndipo kusatsatira komwe kumapezeka pazifukwa izi kumakhala kovuta kuteteza kukhoti.Zotsatira zake, kukakamiza kwapano kumadalira kwambiri zowongolera zowunikira pazoletsa kusamuka.Komabe, mwa zinthu pafupifupi 400 zoletsedwa kusamuka, ndi pafupifupi 20 zokha zomwe zilipo ndi njira zovomerezeka.06 Malamulo samaganizira mokwanira za ma SME Dongosolo lapano ndilovuta kwambiri kwa ma SME.Kumbali imodzi, malamulo atsatanetsatane aukadaulo okhudzana ndi bizinesi ndi ovuta kwambiri kuti amvetsetse.Kumbali ina, kusowa kwa malamulo enieni kumatanthauza kuti alibe maziko owonetsetsa kuti zinthu zopanda pulasitiki zimagwirizana ndi malamulo, kapena zilibe ndalama zothandizira malamulo angapo m'mayiko omwe ali mamembala, motero kuchepetsa momwe katundu wawo angathere. kugulitsidwa ku EU.Kuphatikiza apo, ma SME nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi zida zofunsira kuti zinthu ziwunikidwe kuti zivomerezedwe ndipo amayenera kudalira mapulogalamu omwe amapangidwa ndi makampani akuluakulu.07 Lamulo sililimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zina zotetezeka komanso zokhazikika Lamulo lomwe lilipo pano loyang'anira chitetezo cha chakudya limapereka maziko pang'ono kapena alibe maziko opangira malamulo omwe amathandizira ndikulimbikitsa njira zina zosungiramo zokhazikika kapena kutsimikizira chitetezo cha njira zina izi.Zida zambiri zomwe zidapangidwa kale zimavomerezedwa potengera kuwunika koopsa kocheperako, pomwe zida zatsopano ndi zinthu zimawunikidwa kwambiri.08 Kukula kwaulamuliro sikunafotokozedwe momveka bwino ndipo kumafunika kuunikanso.Ngakhale kuti malamulo apano a 1935/2004 amafotokoza nkhani, malinga ndi zokambirana za anthu zomwe zidachitika panthawi yowunikira, pafupifupi theka la omwe adayankhapo pankhaniyi adanenanso kuti zinali zovuta kwambiri kugwera mkati mwa malamulo a FCM apano. .Mwachitsanzo, nsalu zamapulasitiki zimafunikira chilengezo chotsatira.

Cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito yatsopanoyi ndikupanga njira yoyendetsera FCM yokwanira, yotsimikizira mtsogolo komanso yotheka kutsatiridwa pamlingo wa EU yomwe imatsimikizira mokwanira chitetezo cha chakudya ndi thanzi la anthu, imatsimikizira kugwira ntchito bwino kwa msika wamkati, ndikulimbikitsa kukhazikika.Cholinga chake ndikupanga malamulo ofanana kwa mabizinesi onse ndikuthandizira kuthekera kwawo kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha zinthu zomaliza ndi zinthu.Ntchito yatsopanoyi ikukwaniritsa kudzipereka kwa Chemicals Strategy kuletsa kupezeka kwa mankhwala owopsa kwambiri komanso kulimbikitsa njira zomwe zimatengera kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala.Poganizira zolinga za Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP), imathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosungiramo zokhazikika, imalimbikitsa ukadaulo wazinthu zotetezeka, zoteteza zachilengedwe, zogwiritsidwanso ntchito komanso zobwezeretsedwa, komanso zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuwononga chakudya.Ntchitoyi idzapatsanso mphamvu mayiko omwe ali m'bungwe la EU kuti azitsatira malamulowo.Malamulowa agwiranso ntchito kwa ma FCM obwera kuchokera kumayiko achitatu ndikuyikidwa pamsika wa EU.

maziko Kukhulupirika ndi chitetezo cha njira zolumikizirana ndi chakudya (FCMs) ndizofunikira kwambiri, koma mankhwala ena amatha kuchoka ku FCM kupita ku chakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogula ayambe kukhudzidwa ndi zinthuzi.Chifukwa chake, pofuna kuteteza ogula, European Union (EC) No 1935/2004 imakhazikitsa malamulo oyambira a EU kwa ma FCM onse, cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo chambiri chaumoyo wa anthu, kuteteza zofuna za ogula ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino. kugwira ntchito kwa msika wamkati.Lamuloli likufuna kupanga ma FCM kuti makemikolo asamasamutsidwire m'zakudya zomwe zingawononge thanzi la munthu, ndipo limapereka malamulo ena, monga omwe amalembedwa ndi kufufuza.Imalolezanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo apadera azinthu zinazake ndikukhazikitsa njira yowunika kuopsa kwa zinthu ndi European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) ndikuvomerezedwa ndi Commission.Izi zakhazikitsidwa pa ma FCM apulasitiki omwe zofunikira zake ndi mndandanda wazinthu zovomerezeka zakhazikitsidwa, komanso zoletsa zina monga zoletsa kusamuka.Kwa zipangizo zina zambiri, monga mapepala ndi makatoni, zitsulo ndi magalasi zipangizo, zomatira, zokutira, silicones ndi mphira, palibe malamulo enieni pa mlingo wa EU, koma malamulo ena a dziko.Zofunikira zamalamulo apano a EU zidaperekedwa ku 1976 koma zidawunikidwa posachedwa.Zomwe zachitika pakukhazikitsa malamulo, mayankho ochokera kwa omwe akuchita nawo, komanso umboni womwe wasonkhanitsidwa pakuwunika kosalekeza kwa malamulo a FCM ukuwonetsa kuti zina mwazinthuzi zikugwirizana ndi kusowa kwa malamulo a EU, zomwe zapangitsa kuti anthu asadziwe za chitetezo cha ma FCM ndi nkhawa za msika wamkati. .Malamulo ena apadera a EU amathandizidwa ndi onse omwe akuchita nawo gawo kuphatikiza Mayiko a EU, Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Europe, mafakitale ndi mabungwe omwe siaboma.


Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-28-2022

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